Tag: immunity

  • Study Reveals How Covid-19 Defeats Human Body’s Immune Response System

    Study Reveals How Covid-19 Defeats Human Body’s Immune Response System


    New Delhi: Japanese researchers have discovered that SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for Covid-19, carries an enzyme that can act against a cell’s innate defence mechanism against viruses. 

    This can answer why Covid-19 is more infectious than the previous SARS and MERS-causing viruses, said the researchers from Kobe University. 

    The team focussed their study on the role of a molecular tag called “ISG15” in Covid virus that prevents nucleocapsid proteins from attaching to each other — a key process to enable viruses to assemble.

    In addition, the “enzyme can remove the tags from its nucleocapsid, recovering its ability to assemble new viruses and thus overcoming the innate immune response,” explained virologist Shoji Ikuo from the varsity, in a paper in the Journal of Virology.

    While SARS and MERS viruses also carry an enzyme that can remove the ISG15 tag, Shoji’s team found that their versions are less efficient. 

    “The results suggest that the novel coronavirus is simply better at evading this aspect of the innate immune system’s defense mechanism, which explains why it is so infectious,” Shoji said.

    The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens which limits viral entry, replication, and assembly. It also detects and removes infected cells.

    Unlike SARS and MERS viruses, Covid rapidly spread to almost all continents, including the sparsely inhabited Antarctica. The Covid virus continues to mutate and infect with newer variants. However, the severity has decreased with mass vaccinations and herd immunity.

    The new findings may pave the way to the development of more effective drugs against Covid-19 and possibly similar future diseases.

    “We may be able to develop new antiviral drugs if we can inhibit the function of the viral enzyme that removes the ISG15 tag. Future therapeutic strategies may also include antiviral agents that directly target the nucleocapsid protein or a combination of these two approaches,” the researchers said.



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  • Needle-free Covid Vaccine: A Game Changer On The Horizon, Says New Study

    Needle-free Covid Vaccine: A Game Changer On The Horizon, Says New Study


    A novel nasal and needle-free Covid-19 vaccine, licenced to Hyderabad-based Indian Immunologicals, is set to be a game changer against the infectious disease, according to research on Tuesday. 

    The study led by a team from Griffith University in Australia investigated the effectiveness of administering a Covid vaccination — CDO-7N-1 — through the nasal passages.

    “This is a live attenuated intranasal vaccine, called CDO-7N-1, designed to be administered intranasally, thereby inducing potential mucosal immunity as well as systemic immunity with just a single dose,” said Professor Suresh Mahalingam of Griffith’s Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics.

    The research, published in the journal, Nature Communications, showed the vaccine induces strong memory responses in the nasal mucosa offering long-term protection for up to a year or more.

    “It’s been designed to be administered as a single dose, ideally as a booster vaccine, as a safe alternative to needles with no adverse reactions in the short or long term,” Mahalingam said.

    Compared to alternative vaccination strategies, live-attenuated vaccines provide several important advantages.

    Their effects on humoral and cellular immunity are strong and persistent, but they frequently require a dose.

    Unlike many other vaccine platforms that use a single antigen, live-attenuated vaccines include the complete virus, resulting in broad immunity.

    Dr Xiang Liu, the lead author of the study noted that CDO-7N-1 “provides cross-protection against all variants of concern”. It also has neutralising capacity against SARS-CoV-1 — the respiratory illness responsible for the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.

    “The vaccine offers potent protection against transmission, prevents reinfection and the spread of the virus, while also reducing the generation of new variants,” Liu said.

    “Unlike the mRNA vaccine which targets only the spike protein, CDO-7N-1 induces immunity to all major SARS-CoV-2 proteins and is highly effective against all major variants to date. Importantly, the vaccine remains stable at 4 degrees Celsius for seven months, making it ideal for low- and middle-income countries,” Liu added.

    The vaccine has been licenced to Indian Immunologicals — a significant vaccine producer for human and animal use.

    Dr. K. Anand Kumar, Managing Director of Indian Immunologicals said the company has “completed all the necessary study of the vaccine” and now plans to launch “clinical trials”.



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  • Supercharge Your Immune System With Nutritious Superfoods

    Supercharge Your Immune System With Nutritious Superfoods


    Start your new year on a strong note by making a new year resolution to attain better immune health. Good nutrition is critical to support a healthy immune system. There is a strong relationship between poor nutritional status and compromised immunity. By boosting your immunity, you can benefit from better health. Whether you’re an adult aiming for optimal health or a parent looking to fortify your child’s immunity, incorporating essential nutrients into your daily diet is key.

    To help you attain better immune health, Dr Ganesh Kadhe, Director, of Medical and Scientific Affairs, Abbott’s Nutrition Business shares with IANSlife important nutrients and their sources that can keep you strong:

    Also read: Winter Self-Care: 7 Must-Haves To Stay Healthy And Happy In Biting Cold Weather

    Adult Nutrition for Enhanced Immunity

    Proteins: They serve as the fundamental building blocks for every cell in the body, contributing to the development of vital components such as muscles, bones, hormones, and antibodies. It plays a crucial role in fortifying the immune system by supporting the production of antibodies and providing essential amino acids as fuel for immune cells. Eggs stand out as an excellent protein source. Yet, a diverse range of foods, including chickpeas, cottage cheese, quinoa, Greek yoghurt, peanuts, and almonds, also function as significant contributors to protein intake.

    Vitamin A: It helps regulate the immune system. Known as the “anti-infective vitamin, this nutrient keeps your skin, mouth, stomach, and lungs healthy so that they can fight infection. It’s also key for sharp vision. Consume it with some fat for better absorption. Sweet potatoes, pumpkin, carrots, and spinach are loaded with Vitamin A.

    Vitamin C: It helps the body build healthy skin and connective tissue, which blocks the entry of foreign microbes. Vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant protecting cells from damage. It also helps protect against anemia by helping us absorb more iron from plant foods. Oranges are best known as sources of Vitamin C. However, some foods power-packed with Vitamin C are kiwis, strawberries, broccoli, tomatoes, cauliflower, and red peppers.

    Vitamin E: It works as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from damage due to free radicals. Healthy cell membranes help keep foreign microbes out and support a healthy immune response. Vitamin E is a common nutrient found in most foods. Cooking oils, seeds, and nuts are exceptionally rich sources.

    Vitamin D: It is a multitasking nutrient that helps to activate immune cells and regulate their function. Vitamin D helps our bodies absorb calcium and promotes a strong immune system. Few foods are naturally rich in vitamin D3, such as the flesh of fatty fish and fish liver oils, egg yolks, orange juice and cheese.

    Zinc: It is needed for cellular reproduction, which is important in the synthesis of new immune system cells. Zinc is critical for proper growth and development, especially during childhood and adolescence. Meat, especially red meat is an excellent source of zinc for those who prefer non-vegetarian food. For vegetarians, food like chickpeas, lentils and beans contain a substantial quantity of zinc. Seeds could also be a healthy addition to your diet.

    Child Nutrition for Strong Immunity

    Protein-Packed Meals: Children, in their developmental years, benefit from protein-rich foods for growth and a resilient immune system. Include sources like lean meats, dairy products, eggs, legumes, and nuts in their diet. 

    Colourful Fruits and Vegetables: Introduce a variety of fruits and vegetables to provide essential vitamins and minerals. Brightly coloured produce such as berries, carrots, and leafy greens are not only visually appealing but also rich in nutrients.

    Calcium and Vitamin D for Growth: For better bone health and overall growth ensure sufficient intake of calcium and Vitamin D. Include dairy products, fortified cereals, and kid-friendly Vitamin D-rich foods. 

    Fiber for Gut Health: Ensure a balanced diet with fiber-rich foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. A healthy gut contributes to a robust immune system.



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  • 5 Superfoods That Can Boost Immunity During Winter Season

    5 Superfoods That Can Boost Immunity During Winter Season


    Winter season in India leads to various illnesses ranging from common cold, and fever to joint pains, injuries, and other issues. One of the major requirements for most Indians in this season is to maintain a healthy immune system to prevent any kind of health issues afflicting them. But, one of the best ways to achieve this is by maintaining a healthy diet.

    India boasts a diverse range of superfoods that are especially abundant and beneficial during different seasons. For winter, there are certain superfoods that not only provide warmth and nourishment during the colder months but also offer a range of health benefits. Incorporating them into your diet can help support your overall well-being and make you healthier.

    Dr. Radha Kumari, Consultant Dietician, Apollo Clinic, Chandanagar, Hyderabad, reveals the top 5 superfoods to eat this season along with their benefits:

    Also read: Mindful Morning Routine: How Simple Habits Can Transform Wellness

    – Sesame (Til):

    Rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron, sesame seeds are often used in sweets and savory dishes during winter. They provide warmth and boost your energy levels during this season which in turn helps with your immunity.

    Sesame seeds are also known to provide crucial minerals for maintaining overall health which is important as the cold weather can take a toll on your body. It consists of antioxidants like vitamin E which supports the immune system. The calcium and zinc in sesame seeds are beneficial for maintaining strong and healthy bones.

    Sesame seeds consist of healthy fats such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats which keep the heart healthy. These fats can also help lower bad cholesterol levels, thereby boosting cardiovascular health.

    – Jaggery (Gur):

    A healthier alternative to refined sugar, jaggery is packed with iron and helps keep the body warm. It is used extensively in tea, sweets, drinks, and curries due to its many benefits that help boost immunity.

    Jaggery helps raise your body temperature which in turn provides a comfortable feeling during a chilly winter. It also consists of antioxidants and minerals that can help strengthen your immune system.

    – Root Vegetables:

    Vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and beets provide essential vitamins and antioxidants. They are a good source of vitamins A, B, and C, complex carbohydrates, fibre, potassium, folate, and manganese. These in turn help boost immunity, fight inflammation, promote healthy bones, and prevents chronic conditions.

    – Spinach (Palak):

    High in iron and essential nutrients, spinach is widely used in various Indian dishes during the winter. It is also rich in vitamins A, B, C, and K, which help improve the immune system, promote healthy skin, and strengthen bone health. Since it is high in iron, which is essential for haemoglobin production, it ensures optimal oxygen transport throughout the body.

    – Oranges and Citrus Fruits:

    Loaded with vitamin C, these fruits help boost immunity during the cold season. The presence of a significant dose of vitamin C in oranges also promotes the production of collagen. Oranges also consist of antioxidants, fibre, and other vitamins and minerals that contribute to overall health.

    Thus, several factors contribute to an increased immunity in one’s body. Eating these superfoods is a must for an Indian’s diet. After all, prevention is better than cure, and diet plays a key role in this.



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  • Can Your Holiday Drinks Boost Immunity? Expert Answers – News18

    Can Your Holiday Drinks Boost Immunity? Expert Answers – News18


    Optimal hydration, rich in vitality, becomes a pathway to embracing a healthier lifestyle.

    Non-alcoholic drinks can also include holiday ingredients and help contribute to a well-balanced diet, providing essential nutrients that support overall health.

    In the journey we term as life, often referred to as Sansaara, we visualize it as a wheel that revolves in continuous circles. However, for this cyclical movement, a key element is circulation. To maintain this circulation, hydration becomes crucial. Optimal hydration, rich in vitality, becomes a pathway to embracing a healthier lifestyle.

    This vitality is directly linked to our immunity. Thus, it becomes imperative that the hydration we prioritize for our blood circulation persists throughout the day. This sustained hydration should incorporate essential vitamins, ideally sourced from natural fruits and vegetables.

    “While certain holiday cocktails or beverages might include ingredients with some nutritional benefits, it’s essential to recognize that the concept of “boosting immunity” is multifaceted and involves various factors. Cocktails include alcohol and can have negative effects on the immune system and overall health. Alcohol can impair the function of immune cells and disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in immune health,” says Dr Mickey Mehta, Holistic Health Guru.

    Non-alcoholic drinks can also include holiday ingredients and help contribute to a well-balanced diet, providing essential nutrients that support overall health.

    Dr Mehta adds, “Start the day with warm water spiced with fresh ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, honey, lemon, all which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can be beneficial for overall health.”

    1. Herbal teas like green tea or peppermint is soothing and has immune-boosting properties.
    2. Sipping on citrus-infused water with slices of oranges, lemons, and limes with fresh mint leaves is refreshing.
    3. Coconut water is reviving and can provide the electrolytes needed.
    4. Certain mocktails containing pineapple, peach or grapefruits can provide vitamin C, an antioxidant that plays a role in supporting the immune system.
    5. Mocktails made with musk melon, guava, pear, apples help make the body alkaline.
    6. Mocktails with berries like blueberries, strawberries, or raspberries can provide antioxidants and vitamins.
    7. Fresh juice made with carrot or beets with ginger can be a nutrient-rich drink.
    8. Probiotic drinks like kombucha is also easily available.
    9. Kombucha supports gut health, which is linked to immune function.
    10. Having a yogurt smoothie can also contribute to a healthy gut microbiome.
    11. Chamomile Tea is known for its calming effects, relaxation and potentially helps in better sleep, which is crucial for a healthy immune system.

    Remember, maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, getting regular exercise, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep are all key components of supporting a healthy immune system.



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  • Feel the chill: Cold water bath benefits to consider this winter

    Feel the chill: Cold water bath benefits to consider this winter


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