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  • Needle-free Covid Vaccine: A Game Changer On The Horizon, Says New Study

    Needle-free Covid Vaccine: A Game Changer On The Horizon, Says New Study


    A novel nasal and needle-free Covid-19 vaccine, licenced to Hyderabad-based Indian Immunologicals, is set to be a game changer against the infectious disease, according to research on Tuesday. 

    The study led by a team from Griffith University in Australia investigated the effectiveness of administering a Covid vaccination — CDO-7N-1 — through the nasal passages.

    “This is a live attenuated intranasal vaccine, called CDO-7N-1, designed to be administered intranasally, thereby inducing potential mucosal immunity as well as systemic immunity with just a single dose,” said Professor Suresh Mahalingam of Griffith’s Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics.

    The research, published in the journal, Nature Communications, showed the vaccine induces strong memory responses in the nasal mucosa offering long-term protection for up to a year or more.

    “It’s been designed to be administered as a single dose, ideally as a booster vaccine, as a safe alternative to needles with no adverse reactions in the short or long term,” Mahalingam said.

    Compared to alternative vaccination strategies, live-attenuated vaccines provide several important advantages.

    Their effects on humoral and cellular immunity are strong and persistent, but they frequently require a dose.

    Unlike many other vaccine platforms that use a single antigen, live-attenuated vaccines include the complete virus, resulting in broad immunity.

    Dr Xiang Liu, the lead author of the study noted that CDO-7N-1 “provides cross-protection against all variants of concern”. It also has neutralising capacity against SARS-CoV-1 — the respiratory illness responsible for the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.

    “The vaccine offers potent protection against transmission, prevents reinfection and the spread of the virus, while also reducing the generation of new variants,” Liu said.

    “Unlike the mRNA vaccine which targets only the spike protein, CDO-7N-1 induces immunity to all major SARS-CoV-2 proteins and is highly effective against all major variants to date. Importantly, the vaccine remains stable at 4 degrees Celsius for seven months, making it ideal for low- and middle-income countries,” Liu added.

    The vaccine has been licenced to Indian Immunologicals — a significant vaccine producer for human and animal use.

    Dr. K. Anand Kumar, Managing Director of Indian Immunologicals said the company has “completed all the necessary study of the vaccine” and now plans to launch “clinical trials”.



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  • Vaccine ‘accessory’ found to stop Covid infection in the nasal tract – Times of India

    Vaccine ‘accessory’ found to stop Covid infection in the nasal tract – Times of India



    NEW DELHI: A nasal vaccine adjuvant, or a substance added to nasal vaccines to trigger a stronger immune response, was found to stop Covid-19 infection in both young and old mice. Several current vaccines contain adjuvants, which boost the effectiveness of a vaccine.

    While vaccines are known to offer protection against serious illness and death, vaccines can be improved in their ability to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at the point of entry in the upper respiratory tract, the research led by the University of Michigan (U-M) and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, US, said.
    Their vaccine protocol combines a nanoemulsion, similar to a tiny droplet of oil and water, and an RNA-based molecule, which is the adjuvant, recognised by the immune system.

    The RNA adjuvant triggers antiviral pathways inside the cell while the nanoemulsion carries it into the cell, the study published in the journal NPJ Vaccines said. This helps prevent the adjuvant from being cleared too quickly from inside the nasal passages, along with activating immune pathways complementary to the one triggered by the RNA adjuvant, it said.
    Testing the combined vaccine, including the adjuvant, the researchers detected an enhanced antibody and memory T cell response in both young and old mice, including in the mucus-secreting membrane lining of the upper airway where the virus starts to proliferate.
    “It’s very hard to induce a strong immune response with intranasal vaccines containing just the protein or inactivated virus alone because your mucosal sites will see many things during the day or over a lifetime and are to some extent ‘trained’ not to overreact. “So, you want to overcome that barrier through the use of adjuvants while balancing safety,” said Michael Schotsaert, co-corresponding author of the study and an assistant professor of microbiology at Icahn Mount Sinai.
    Further, the nanoemulsion can inactivate viruses on its own, the researchers said.
    “This means you could mix live virus with the nanoemulsion and it would inactivate it without having to use harsher chemical methods, better preserving the conformation of the viral proteins that the immune system sees, potentially leading to better quality immune responses,” said Pamela Wong, a research assistant professor in the U-M Medical School.
    The team plans to pursue further studies for bringing the adjuvant to Phase 1 safety trials, along with exploring its applications for a universal flu vaccine.
    “There is considerable interest in intranasal vaccines for respiratory viruses because inducing mucosal immunity can help prevent viral transmission, whereas injectable vaccines don’t effectively elicit mucosal immune responses,” said Wong.





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  • All About Bharat Biotech’s Nasal COVID Vaccine For Adults

    All About Bharat Biotech’s Nasal COVID Vaccine For Adults


    Last Updated: January 18, 2023, 11:02 IST

    In December, the intranasal Covid-19 vaccine was approved by the Union Health Ministry as a booster dose for those aged 18 and above. (Twitter @PBNS_India)

    Nasal vaccines can be be more effective at preventing infections as they target the mucosal linings of the nasal airways, the point of entry for the coronavirus

    Bharat Biotech’s INCOVACC is a nasal COVID-19 vaccine that will soon be ready for circulation to the public as a booster dose in India. This type of vaccine is unique as it is directly sprayed into the nose, eliminating the need for injections. It is designed to protect the mucosal linings of the nasal airways, where the virus first enters the body, and to block the infection and transmission of the virus in both upper and lower respiratory tracts. The vaccine is recommended as the first booster shot and will be administered twice with a gap of 28 days to adults over 18 who have completed two doses of Covaxin or Covishield but have not taken the booster shot. Side effects are generally mild and may include headache, fever or runny nose. It is not recommended for individuals who are allergic to any of its components or have had severe allergic reactions in the past. The vaccine is available at hospitals and will be circulated among people from the fourth week of January. You can book your appointment early.

    How does it work?

    Nasal vaccines have the potential to be more effective at preventing infections because they target the mucosal linings of the nasal airways, which is the point of entry for the coronavirus. By protecting these linings, the vaccine can block the infection and transmission of the virus in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. INCOVACC is recommended as the first booster shot. The vaccine will be administered to people twice with a gap of 28 days.

    Who can take the Nasal vaccine?

    Adults over the age of 18 years who have completed the 2 doses of Covaxin or Covishield but have not taken the booster shot are eligible to receive the nasal vaccine.

    Also Read: Radhika Merchent Dresses in Joyful Hues; Looks Picture-Perfect in a Handcrafted Abu Jani Sandeep Khosla Lehenga

    Side effects of Nasal vaccines

    There are very few or mild side effects of Nasal vaccines, which may include headache, fever or runny nose. It is not recommended for those who are allergic to any of its components or had a severe allergic reaction in the past.

    In view of the rising cases of COVID, the Indian government has approved vaccination of Nasal vaccines. It is available on CoWin and has been priced at Rs 800 for private markets and Rs 325 for the government of India.

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